We develop fast methods for conditional forecasting and structural scenario analysis with high-dimensional Bayesian vector autoregressions (VARs). Our general framework features a factor structure on the reduced-form errors, which enables fast and order-invariant equation-by-equation estimation; suitably identified factors admit a structural interpretation. The scenarios are defined through separate distributional restrictions on observables, structural shocks and idiosyncratic components. The computational cost of our proposed algorithm is cubic only in the number of restrictions, while the dimension of the forecasted system enters linearly. In our application with $33$ macroeconomic and financial variables and ten set-identified structural shocks for the US, we compute counterfactual predictions for oil price scenarios in the context of the 2026 closure of the Strait of Hormuz. The same oil price path is consistent with outcomes ranging from a mostly benign episode to pronounced stagflation, depending on which structural and idiosyncratic shocks are allowed to deliver it.
🌊
