Indonesia's marine ecosystem is rich in biodiversity, including sea cucumbers that contain a range of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. Among these, exosomes-nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport biological molecules between cells-are attracting interest as possible tools for anti-aging and skin regeneration. This review summarizes current knowledge about sea cucumber-derived exosomes and considers their potential applications in skincare and tissue repair. Sea cucumber exosomes may offer several advantages over the use of isolated compounds alone. Their vesicle structure can help protect and transport bioactive molecules, potentially supporting their delivery to target cells. Reported or proposed activities include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which may help limit oxidative stress and inflammation associated with skin aging. Exosomes may also support collagen production and skin elasticity, while promoting wound healing and tissue recovery. By influencing skin-cell communication and immune responses, they can contribute to a more coordinated regenerative process. These properties make sea cucumber exosomes a promising subject for research into multifunctional skincare approaches. Their potential use also highlights the value of Indonesia's marine resources and may encourage the development of locally sourced, nature-based products. However, sustainability depends on responsible harvesting and processing, and further research is needed to establish exosome composition, production methods, safety, efficacy, and long-term effects. In particular, laboratory findings must be validated through well-designed clinical studies before therapeutic or cosmetic claims can be confirmed. Overall, sea cucumber-derived exosomes from Indonesian marine ecosystems represent a promising area of research for anti-aging and skin regeneration. Their potential combination of bioactive cargo, cellular delivery, and regenerative effects may inform future skincare products and therapies, provided that development is supported by rigorous evidence and environmentally responsible practices.
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