Toxicity monitoring is essential in Phase II clinical trials to ensure participant safety. While monitoring rules are well-established for single-arm trials, two-cohort trials present unique challenges because toxicities are expected to be similar between cohorts but may still differ. Current approaches either monitor the two cohorts independently, which ignores their similarity, or pool them together as a single arm, which neglects heterogeneity between cohorts. We propose a Bayesian method bas
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