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Decoding the Deep: The Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Deep-Sea Viruses.

Viruses dominate the deep-ocean biosphere (>200-m depth) yet remain profoundly understudied. As the most abundant biological entities on Earth, they govern the geochemistry, evolution, and ecology of ...

Conservation implications of low contemporary connectivity along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in hydrothermal vent gastropods.

Polymetallic sulfide deposits produced at hydrothermal vent fields are targets for mining exploitation along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, threatening the functioning and resilience of vent ecosystems that ...

Endemic Mediterranean seagrasses poised to survive climate change challenges.

Understanding the current and future trajectories of critical habitats is essential for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management, especially in semi-enclosed environments such as the Mediter...

Decoding the Past: An Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning Framework for Sex Attribution in Prehistoric Hand Stencils

Determining the biological sex of the individuals who created Upper Paleolithic hand stencils remains a challenging problem due to the absence of ground truth, population differences between contempor...

From microbial diversity to functional potential using dimensionality reduction.

The high dimensionality of microbial diversity data from 'omics observations can be reduced using Machine Learning, with many recent studies showcasing ML utility for exploratory ecological feature fi...

Deep-sea mining outpaces both science and law.

A lightweight hybrid framework for real-time data refinement in resource-constrained underwater and underground wireless sensor networks.

With the help of harsh propagation environments, reliable data acquisition in UWSNs/UGWSNs may suffer from packet loss a few times, extra communication latency, energy scarcity, and retransmission ove...

Sharp minimax risks and phase transitions in sparse submatrix detection

We study the minimax risk for detecting a sparse elevated-mean Gaussian submatrix inside a larger noisy matrix. When the planted submatrix has size $n\times n$ and the ambient matrix has size $N\times...

Early Stopping for Large Reasoning Models via Confidence Dynamics

Large reasoning models rely on long chain-of-thought generation to solve complex problems, but extended reasoning often incurs substantial computational cost and can even degrade performance due to ov...

Genome mining reveals an architecturally expanded pyoluteorin-associated biosynthetic gene cluster and a divergent flavin-dependent halogenase-like sequence in deep-sea Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from the Gulf of Guinea.

Marine deep-sea environments harbour microorganisms with extraordinary biosynthetic potential, yet their secondary metabolite repertoires remain largely uncharacterised. This study reports the isolati...

Depth-stratified Zooplankton diversity in the Central Indian Ocean Basin: An integrative pre-mining survey using morphology and DNA metabarcoding.

Zooplankton play a crucial role in marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, and their rapid responses to environmental changes make them effective indicators of ecosystem health. However, limited d...

Student views in AI Ethics and Social Impact

An investigation, from a gender perspective, of how students view the ethical implications and societal effects of artificial intelligence is conducted, examining concepts that could have a big influe...

Too Few or Too Many? Sample Size Estimation for Differential Abundance Studies

Determining an appropriate sample size for a study is a crucial step in planning scientific research. Appropriate sample size planning avoids both inadequate and inflated sample sizes. Inflated sample...

Tracking Equivalent Mechanistic Interpretations Across Neural Networks

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging framework for interpreting neural networks. Given a task and model, MI aims to discover a succinct algorithmic process, an interpretation, that explain...

Normalisation-Based Likelihood Ratio Estimation for Forensic Authorship Verification

Authorship verification (AV) is the task of determining whether two texts were written by the same author. In a forensic context, the strength of AV evidence can be quantified using likelihood ratios....

Genome Mining of Deep-Sea Cold Seep-Derived Fungus Reveals a Laccase-Fasciclin System Modulating Regioselective Naphthopyranone Dimerization.

Naphthopyranones represent a structurally diverse family of fungal polyketides exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. Despite...

OPTICS: Order-Preserved Test-Inverse Confidence Set for Number of Change-Points

Determining the number of change-points is a first-step and fundamental task in change-point detection problems, as it lays the groundwork for subsequent change-point position estimation. While the ex...

Dictionary-based Pathology Mining with Hard-instance-assisted Classifier Debiasing for Genetic Biomarker Prediction from WSIs

Prediction of genetic biomarkers, e.g., microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer is crucial for clinical decision making. But, two primary challenges hamper accurate prediction: (1) It is diffi...

ContextClaim: A Context-Driven Paradigm for Verifiable Claim Detection

Verifiable claim detection asks whether a claim expresses a factual statement that can, in principle, be assessed against external evidence. As an early filtering stage in automated fact-checking, it ...