The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into judicial decision-making - particularly in pretrial, sentencing, and parole contexts - has generated substantial concerns about transp...
Background: A core aspect of epidemiology is determining the impacts of potential public health interventions over time. With long follow-up periods, epidemiologists may need to consider semi-competin...
Capturing the structured mixing within a population is key to the reliable projection of infectious disease dynamics and hence informed control. Both heterogeneity in the number of contacts and age-st...
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a powerful technique for determining the three-dimensional structures of biological molecules at near-atomic resolution. However, reconstructing helic...
Since the release of the ICH E9(R1) addendum on estimands, its application in non-inferiority trials has received far less attention than in superiority settings. A key conclusion from Lynggaard et al...
At the core of modern generative modeling frameworks, including diffusion models, score-based models, and flow matching, is the task of transforming a simple prior distribution into a complex target d...
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the HGD (Homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase) gene, leading to a pathological accumulation of homogentisic a...
Information Processing Pathway Maps (IPPMs) offer a scalable framework for formalizing the complex sequence of mathematical transformations applied to sensory stimuli. These maps chart the latency and...
Several graph data mining, signal processing, and machine learning downstream tasks rely on information related to the eigenvectors of the associated adjacency or Laplacian matrix. Classical eigendeco...
Risk management is an important part of financial practice, essential for protecting assets and investments in modern-day volatile markets. This paper proposes a mixture of mirrored Weibull (MMW) dist...
Multinomial probit choice probabilities over n alternatives are Gaussian orthant integrals, computed by simulation for thirty years, one expensive integral per alternative. Inversion, which is to say ...
Run two process-discovery algorithms on the same event log and they return two different pictures of the same process. Petri nets, causal nets, process trees and BPMN each rely on routing machinery of...
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are essential tools for systems biology and rational chassis design, but conventional top-down reconstruction depends heavily on sequence homology and often leaves...
How should people choose careers when artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the nature of work? We first compare six recent projections of occupational exposure to task automation with ...
Understanding non-genetic determinants of cell fate is critical for developing and improving cancer therapies, as genetically identical cells can exhibit divergent outcomes under the same treatment co...
Tweedie's formula is a cornerstone of measurement-error analysis and empirical Bayes. In the Gaussian location model, it recovers posterior means directly from the observed marginal density, bypassing...
Source localization in complex networks is a rapidly advancing field with numerous real-world applications, including determining the source of misinformation. In this work, we model information sprea...
Hypergraphs serve as an effective tool widely adopted to characterize higher-order interactions in complex systems. The most intuitive and commonly used mathematical instrument for representing a hype...
We document the rise of negative earnings between 1980 and 2019: a secular increase in the percent of firms reporting losses, both among public firms and in the broader universe of US corporations, an...
Language models achieve impressive performance on a variety of knowledge, language, and reasoning tasks due to the scale and diversity of pretraining data available. The standard training recipe is a ...
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