Evolutionary prompt optimizers such as GEPA suffer from prompt bloat: each iteration appends rules and caveats, producing prompts up to 3$\times$ longer yet no more accurate. We trace this to three de...
Researchers often conduct inference on weighted estimands, defined as weighted averages of group-level effects. Example settings include event studies with cohort-level effects and experiments with si...
Incomplete reporting of diagnostic accuracy data remains a persistent problem in medical research. In many studies, only part of the 2x2 diagnostic table is reported, leaving denominators for diseased...
Galactic foregrounds represent a major contamination to the measurement of primordial $B$-modes from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarisation. Even after the application of compone...
A central design principle in modern machine learning and artificial intelligence is to align a model's inductive bias with the structure of its input data. For matrix-valued inputs, relevant matrix-l...
Modern imaging instruments can produce terabytes to petabytes of data for a single experiment. The biggest barrier to processing big image datasets has been computational, where image analysis algorit...
Reward design remains a central bottleneck for autonomous robot policy improvement, especially in long-horizon manipulation tasks where sparse success labels provide too little signal and binary prefe...
Gaussian process (GP) surrogates are the default tool for emulating expensive computer experiments, but cubic cost, stationarity assumptions, and Gaussian predictive distributions limit their reach. W...
Building virtual cells with generative models to simulate cellular behavior in silico is emerging as a promising paradigm for accelerating drug discovery. However, prior image-based generative approac...
What problems can one solve on a tournament if only its score sequence is known? Tournaments are oriented complete graphs that form an extensively-studied class of directed graphs (digraphs), both fro...
In a dataset of 423 patients who had had radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer we estimated the apparent Shannon information (ASI) about time to biochemical recurrence in various subsets...
We study how licensing affects the allocation of innovation in pharmaceutical R&D. We develop a model in which projects differ in both quality and innovation regime, distinguishing between incremental...
LLMs memorize sensitive training data, including personally identifiable information (PII), creating a pressing need for reliable post hoc removal methods. Unlearning has emerged as a promising soluti...
A model is multicalibrated on a collection of group weights $G$ if it is calibrated -- i.e. unbiased even conditional on its prediction -- not just overall, but also after reweighting contexts by each...
Standard valuation methods, including discounted cash flow, the income approach standard IDW S 1 of the Institute of Public Auditors in Germany, and market multiples, compress milestone probabilities,...
What proportion of treated units actually benefited from an experimental intervention? What is the median or the largest individual treatment effect? This paper develops methods for answering such que...
We present a hierarchical Bayesian framework for non-homogeneous pairwise interaction Gibbs point process models, where the global and local effect functions are modeled via basis function expansions....
We develop horizon-aware anytime-valid tests and confidence sequences for bounded means under a strict deadline $N$. Using the betting/e-process framework, we cast horizon-aware betting as a finite-ho...
Recently marine fungal polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention and interest; however, most reported sources originate from shallow or coastal environments, and knowledge regarding those de...
Cryopreservation of marine species is a key tool for biodiversity conservation, population management, and the advance of aquaculture and biological research. Currently exist significant progress in t...
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