Accurate optimization of a supervised spectral objective need not produce an accurate population subspace or a better predictive representation. We investigate these distinctions for Online Kernel Sup...
Let \(C_n\) be the minimum cost of a perfect matching in an \(n\times n\) matrix of independent uniform random variables. We prove that \[ \sqrt n\{C_n-ζ(2)\} \ \Longrightarrow\ \mathcal N\bigl(0,4ζ(2...
Financial sentiment extraction has largely relied on news text and supervised extraction against return labels alone, leaving 10-K filings -- and volatility, the target risk disclosure is arguably bes...
We present FlowSN, a statistical framework using simulation-based inference (SBI) with normalising flows to account for selection effects in observational astronomy. Failure to account for selection e...
Retrieval algorithms are used to estimate atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), by solving inverse problems from high-spectral-resoluti...
Trade-up recommendation identifies higher-quality alternatives that preserve a customer's purchase intent while offering upgraded benefits. Large language models (LLMs) can reason about such distincti...
Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph with $n = |V|$ nodes and $m = |E|$ edges. The $t$-Pairs Shortest Paths problem, introduced by Cohen [FOCS'93; SICOMP'99], asks to approximate the distances between $t$ pres...
In this paper, we introduce flexible observation-driven $\mathbb{Z}$-valued time series models constructed from mixtures of negative and non-negative components. Compared to models based on the standa...
In a multiple testing task, finding an appropriate estimator of the proportion $π_0$ of non-signal in the data to boost power of false discovery rate (FDR) controlling procedures is a long-standing re...
Accurate estimates of item difficulty are essential for valid assessment and effective adaptive learning. However, for newly created tasks, response data are typically unavailable. Pretesting and expe...
Oral health issues affect billions globally, but the cost and limited access to professional dental care hinder preventive oral healthcare. Research relies on clinical-grade radiographs or intraoral c...
Text-based financial networks are increasingly used to study cross-stock return predictability. A common approach constructs links from similarities in firms' disclosure embeddings, but such networks ...
LLM agents increasingly act over long horizons, where a single trajectory can contain hundreds or thousands of actions. In these settings, outcome-only rewards provide too sparse guidance, failing to ...
Active-quiescent switching occurs in biological populations in which growth is confined to a proliferative active state, while cells may reversibly enter a nonproliferative quiescent state. Experiment...
Understanding the cellular composition of complex tissues, such as tumors, is a key challenge in biology and medicine. A common approach, known as deconvolution, aims to estimate the cellular composit...
Long COVID is a condition usually defined by persisting symptoms following infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus beyond the acute phase of infection. The condition has a significant impact on healthcare s...
High-stakes computerized adaptive tests (CATs) require a continuous supply of calibrated items, yet traditional item piloting is slow, expensive, and operationally hazardous. We introduce the S2A3 fra...
Instrumental variables (IV) methods are central to applied microeconomics. While classical approaches assume linear models with constant effects, recent literature has shifted toward the local average...
Accurate prediction of undrained shear strength (su) is crucial for geotechnical design, but is often hampered by substantial uncertainty in traditional empirical methods. This study uses the CLAY/10/...
Venture capital syndication enables investors to pool diligence, share risk, and signal venture quality, while shaping the relationships through which investment networks develop. We examine how prior...
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