Given a matrix $A$, the goal of the entrywise low-rank approximation problem is to find $\operatorname{argmin} \|A-B\|_p$ over all rank-$k$ matrices $B$, where $\| \cdot \|_p$ is the entrywise $\ell_p...
Language models can produce plausible short proofs, but may still be unreliable on long-horizon research problems, where progress depends on a sequence of uncertain and interdependent decisions. We in...
High-stakes computerized adaptive tests (CATs) require a continuous supply of calibrated items, yet traditional item piloting is slow, expensive, and operationally hazardous. We introduce the S2A3 fra...
Generating realistic financial time series is challenging as training data is often limited to a single historical path. With such scarce data, overfitting is hard to avoid, especially under adversari...
We study strong coresets for $\ell_p$ subspace approximation. Given $\A\in\R^{n\times d}$, the goal is to sample and rescale a small number of its rows to form $\Smat\A$ such that \[ \norm{\Smat\A(\I-...
In [AS21], Axiotis and Sviridenko conjectured that the linear dependence on the restricted condition number in sparse convex optimization cannot be improved by a polynomial-time algorithm. We establis...
Cloud and precipitation microphysics packages in atmospheric general circulation models typically use first-order time integration methods with a large time step, requiring ad hoc limiters and substep...
Artificial intelligence is driving a revolution in scientific discovery, accelerating everything from hypothesis generation to mathematical theorem proving. However, this rapid acceleration is creatin...
We consider the problem of sequentially approximating functions of each element in a slowly-varying sequence, i.e. one where the magnitude $α_i$ of the difference between the elements at positions $i$...
System prompts are instructions configured by developers to govern the behaviors of foundation models in AI applications. They are used throughout commercial AI products, but are rarely disclosed to t...
Habitat condition and area shape global species distributions, with shallow-water reefs hosting a disproportional share of marine biodiversity. Although reef area is a well-established predictor of ma...
The nudibranch genus Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Dendrodorididae) comprises a group of marine gastropods commonly known as "doris"nudibranchs. Members of this genu...
Many fibrous biological materials combine high strength with the ability to undergo permanent shape change, a balance that remains difficult to replicate synthetically. In twisted, plywood-like archit...
In deep-sea hydrothermal vents, sulfur compounds are central for microbial bioenergetics. Despite its significant impact on the global sulfur cycle, anaerobic sulfur compound disproportionation remain...
In online inverse linear optimization, a learner recommends an action and then observes the choice of an expert who maximizes a fixed, unknown linear objective on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$; the goal is to lear...
Xylophaga dorsalis is a common Atlantic-Mediterranean mollusc that plays a crucial role in deep-sea habitats, where it digests wood that reaches the seabed through a unique symbiosis with specialised ...
We investigate the use of additional 3D and phylogenetic non-3D tree balance indices for analyzing and monitoring forests using an exemplary "virtual forest" dataset from the Wytham Woods, O...
Given value-oracle access to a symmetric submodular function $f:2^V\to\mathbb{R}$ with $|V|=n$, a nontrivial minimizer can be found using $O(n^3)$ value queries. We study the weaker comparison model, ...
In 2013, a mass mortality event resulted in the deaths of approximately three million short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris) along the east coast of Australia. As pelagic apex predators withi...
Carboxylases are among the most important enzymes in nature as they catalyze the fixation of inorganic carbon (CO2), a central step in the global carbon cycle. In addition to their well-known function...
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