Given a matrix $A$, the goal of the entrywise low-rank approximation problem is to find $\operatorname{argmin} \|A-B\|_p$ over all rank-$k$ matrices $B$, where $\| \cdot \|_p$ is the entrywise $\ell_p...
High-stakes computerized adaptive tests (CATs) require a continuous supply of calibrated items, yet traditional item piloting is slow, expensive, and operationally hazardous. We introduce the S2A3 fra...
Generating realistic financial time series is challenging as training data is often limited to a single historical path. With such scarce data, overfitting is hard to avoid, especially under adversari...
In [AS21], Axiotis and Sviridenko conjectured that the linear dependence on the restricted condition number in sparse convex optimization cannot be improved by a polynomial-time algorithm. We establis...
Cloud and precipitation microphysics packages in atmospheric general circulation models typically use first-order time integration methods with a large time step, requiring ad hoc limiters and substep...
Artificial intelligence is driving a revolution in scientific discovery, accelerating everything from hypothesis generation to mathematical theorem proving. However, this rapid acceleration is creatin...
We consider the problem of sequentially approximating functions of each element in a slowly-varying sequence, i.e. one where the magnitude $α_i$ of the difference between the elements at positions $i$...
System prompts are instructions configured by developers to govern the behaviors of foundation models in AI applications. They are used throughout commercial AI products, but are rarely disclosed to t...
Habitat condition and area shape global species distributions, with shallow-water reefs hosting a disproportional share of marine biodiversity. Although reef area is a well-established predictor of ma...
In deep-sea hydrothermal vents, sulfur compounds are central for microbial bioenergetics. Despite its significant impact on the global sulfur cycle, anaerobic sulfur compound disproportionation remain...
Xylophaga dorsalis is a common Atlantic-Mediterranean mollusc that plays a crucial role in deep-sea habitats, where it digests wood that reaches the seabed through a unique symbiosis with specialised ...
We investigate the use of additional 3D and phylogenetic non-3D tree balance indices for analyzing and monitoring forests using an exemplary "virtual forest" dataset from the Wytham Woods, O...
The functioning of high-diversity ecosystems, such as coral reefs, is intrinsically tied to the integrity and efficiency of the trophic pathways within these systems. Coral reef productivity depends, ...
Carbon fixation in marine ecosystems is a vital process that contributes to climate regulation, with ocean sediments playing a critical role in carbon sequestration. This process is driven by chemolit...
Giant Antarctic iceberg calving is projected to increase with climate change, affecting ocean circulation, nutrient supply, and carbon cycling. These icebergs can stimulate primary production and infl...
Deep-sea hydrothermal sediments represent critical zones for archaea-driven biogeochemical cycling, yet the ecological differentiation of archaeal communities across hydrothermal gradients remains poo...
AbstractBiological diversity is widely recognized as a key driver of ecosystem function, yet the mechanisms underlying biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships in natural systems, particula...
Two species of the deep-sea squat lobster family Munidopsidae are reported as new additions to the Japanese marine fauna on the basis of specimens collected from the Sea of Kumano (off Kii Peninsula),...
The global ocean receives an estimated 15 teragrams of plastic annually, yet less than 0.2% of this mass is detected floating at the surface. This imbalance, known as the "missing plastic paradox," in...
Wood constitutes the largest reservoir of biogenic carbon on Earth, yet remarkably few animals can exploit it. While terrestrial wood-feeders like termites rely on highly diverse gut microbiomes, xylo...
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